Economic Burden AND Patterns of Noncommunicable Diseases in Rural Nigeria
A Cross-Sectional Study in Esan Central LGA, Edo State
Keywords:
Chronic disease management, Economic burden, Healthcare costs, Nigeria, Noncommunicable diseasesAbstract
Background:
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a growing global health crisis, accounting for nearly three-quarters of all deaths worldwide. In Nigeria, the burden of hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic conditions is rising rapidly, exacerbated by limited health insurance coverage, fragmented healthcare infrastructure, and high out-of-pocket costs. This study assessed the economic burden and healthcare utilisation patterns related to NCDs in a rural Nigerian setting.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 206 adults in Esan Central LGA, Edo State. Multistage sampling was used to select participants. Data on sociodemographics, NCD diagnoses, and direct healthcare costs were collected via structured questionnaires. Out-of-pocket expenses for consultations, medications, investigations, transportation, and hospital admissions were documented. Associations between age and NCD prevalence were tested using chi-square analysis.
Results
Nearly one-third of respondents reported an NCD diagnosis, with hypertension and diabetes being the most prevalent. Age was significantly associated with a higher incidence of NCDs. Affected individuals faced multiple financial burdens across care categories, with medications and hospital admissions being the most expensive. Over 75% relied on personal funds for treatment, with minimal support from insurance or family.
Conclusion
The study highlights the cumulative economic strain of NCD management in resource-limited settings, emphasising the urgent need for financial protection mechanisms. Policies expanding insurance coverage, subsidising essential care, and decentralising NCD services to primary care levels are crucial to reduce this burden and improve health equity in Nigeria.
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